The Movie Alexander - 1164 Words

The film, Alexander, is a historic drama about Alexander the Great, who became legendary for his military prowess. Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian general, narrates throughout the film. Moments of Alexander’s childhood was shown, such as his difficult relationship with his mother, Olympias, and his father, King Philip II of Macedon. After Alexander became King of Macedonia, he sets out to conquer the Persian Empire. He continued his eight-year campaign across East Asia, before returning home to Babylon. In the film, Alexander struggled to convince his army to continue to follow him across Asia. It was after the Battle of Hydaspes in India that encouraged Alexander to return home. The film also showed Alexander’s private relationships with†¦show more content†¦In addition, stone statues were depicted in the film as well. For example, many stone headed statues were displayed on top of pillars when the scene focused on Ptolemy I Soter narrating. Vases were presented in the film too. The artwork on vases showed past historic events. Furthermore, religion was referred a lot in the film. Hellenism was brought up in the film. For example, Olympias was surrounded with snakes in her room. There are scenes where Olympias had snakes wrapped around her leg. This represents that she was a follower of the god, Dionysius, whose rituals involved snakes coiling themselves around human bodies. Moreover, there were references to Greek gods and goddesses. For example, Olympias told Alexander that his real father was Zeus, and he had no blood relation to King Philip II. Additionally, Alexander (2004) presented several examples of a woman’s status in ancient times. Women are portrayed as child-bearers. In the a scene, King Philip II said to Alexander that he can marry as many wives as he want, so he can have as many sons. Also, women are not schooled, but stayed at home. For example, no girls were seen when Aristotle was teaching young Alexander and other boys about ethics and politics. Geography was also depicted in the film. There was various transportations that included horses, camels, and elephants. Horses were used to travel, and camels and elephants

Sino-African win-win Policy under the One Belt One Road Free Essays

Literature review: Sino-African win-win Policy under the One Belt One Road initiative: Who invests more wins more? ABSTRACT: Purpose – The main objective of this review is to assess thoroughly the Sino-African relations across time and now the newly introduced â€Å"One Belt One Road† (OBOR) initiative especially the contribution to academic literature. The focus is on the major events that marked the story of Africa since China developed an interest until the new OBOR initiative and the conclusion highlights the importance on the study by comparing and contrasting the different perspectives in previous literature. Approach – We considered an integrated and comprehensive literature based on a qualitative approach, we performed a content analysis of highly relevant and impactful papers. We will write a custom essay sample on Sino-African win-win Policy under the One Belt One Road or any similar topic only for you Order Now Findings – In this paper, we analyze usually controversial issues and express our viewpoints to conclude. However, the controversies remain a hot topic for further research works to be handled with different methodologies and new theoretical approach. Implicit assumptions may always exist in terms of a quantitative assessment of the benefits from the China-Africa relations. Major differences in narratives exist between Western and Southern stakeholders. Limitations and Implications – The conclusions from the work could be supported by additional research by considering a wider scope of the analysis. To give more clarifications to the empirical findings, more works needed to be done using quantitative data and qualitative evidence that extend beyond the usual economic and geographical limits as well as the socio-political limits. Value – This paper reviews decades of research on China in Africa and presents a snapshot of the recent OBOR initiative. It further draws attention to the necessity for subsequent literature to explore new methods of analysis for better understanding of the China-Africa relations and the role each part plays to the sustainability of this cooperation. Keywords: Africa, China, relationship, One Belt One Road. How to cite Sino-African win-win Policy under the One Belt One Road, Papers

Recycling of Building Material Waste-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Recycling of building material waste during demolition. Answer: Introduction Research background The impact of recycling efforts on the demolition becomes important for having several advantages such as reducing tippage and associated freight charges and reduction of landfill space needed for concrete debris. Construction and demolition waste is considered as central element of solid waste stream. It is amounting to nearly 25% of total solid waste nationally (Gomathi and Pradeep 2017). On the other hand, there are 70% of construction and demolition material before recycling encompassed. With the pressure of land fields continuing to mount, the diversion of materials and concrete remain a significant area of interest to the policymakers. Hence, it is important to evaluate recycling of building material waste during demolition. Research questions The research questions can be listed as followed. What are the benefits of recycling of building material waste during demolition? What is the best suited building materials used during demolition? What is the best demolition practices for future? Research aim The research aims to development of framework to improve recycling practices of construction/ demolition waste. Research objectives The research objectives are followed. To develop framework to improve recycling practices of construction/ demolition waste To critically analyze the advantages of recycling and reused of demolished building materials To identify the materials best suited for reuse or recycle To recommend best practices for demolition in future Research scope and boundaries The research will be helpful to identify the best demolition practices by using solid waste management technique. It can minimize overall building project expenses by avoiding purchase or disposal costs along with donation of recovered materials to the qualified charities. In addition, the research will be helpful for being used as secondary sources of the study. Research Methodology Selection of methodological tools is useful for conduction of the research in proper way. Below are the selections of methodological tools to frame effective research methodology for the research. Research philosophy: Lewis (2015) stated that positivism, interpritivism and realism are the types of research philosophy. It is a belief about the ways in which data regarding a phenomenon need to be collected, analyzed as well as used. In the research, positivism philosophy is selected as it is helpful in the present context and assists in better analysis of the hidden facts along with information regarding recycling of building material waste during demolition. Moreover, it assists in generation proper results by reducing errors in the research. Research approach: Selection of appropriate research approach is helpful to revealing the format of the research. A research topic is undertaken for studying into two broader ways like inductive and deductive research approach (Vaioleti 2016). In the current context, deductive research is followed as theories and information related to recycling of building material waste during demolition are analyzed in the research. On the other hand, as the aim of the study is not inducing theory and model related to the research topic, inductive approach is discarded in the current research. Research design: Research design assists in describing the research framework, which will be helpful for selecting the analysis pattern of the research. Descriptive, exploratory and explanatory research design are the types of research designs selected in academic research. In the present case, descriptive research design is used for defining detailed procedure engaged in the application of recycling of building material waste during demolition. Data collection and analysis There are two types of data collection used in research such as primary data collection and secondary data collection. In the present research, secondary data collection method is followed for collecting data for the research. The sources like books, journals, websites and books are used as secondary data sources. Qualitative data analysis method is followed for analyzing data gathered related to recycling of building material waste during demolition. Research diagram Literature review Overview of waste and its recycling There are several definitions of waste used across the globe. As per the Swedish Ordinance of waste, it is composed of combustible waste, organic waste as well as hazardous waste (Kjeldsen 2016). It is also referred as any object or substance discarded or intended by the holder. In other words, waste is generally unwanted materials realized after completion of a particular procedure (Arulrajah et al. 2016). It may include packaging as well as additional materials among the process. The EU Waste directive came into act in 2008 aimed to achieve greater resource efficiency (Vegas et al. 2015). It is designed in order to assist the member states promoting better resource use as well as turn minimization of environmental impact. The hierarchy of waste can be listed as figured. Figure 1: The hierarchy of waste (Source: Gastaldi et al. 2015, p.30) The best way for waste reduction is making behavior change as well as achieved by effective design as well as generating products (Weiler et al. 2017) Recycling materials is referred as transforming waste into new products during recovery entails the utilization of waste in order to produce energy. Construction and demolition waste The process of recycling can minimize pressures on land considered as one of the big requirements in order to set up landfills. In this perspective, energy required for incineration is cutting through recycling strategies (Wang et al. 2018). Reuse of materials after the process of demolition takes immediate effect as well as equitable reuse affected by the method employed at the time of demolition. Drivers and barriers CD waste recycling is influenced by multiple factors. Perception of public as well as acceptance is varied among several stakeholders. For an example, one of the major barriers to the process of recycling reduce land filling. The factors for increasing legislation and EU recovery is targeted where the EU recovery targets prefer recycling of high density waste types during the latest impact on the environment (Ossa et al. 2016). However, they do not consider as the most sustainable recovery operations. The resources are required for supervision through authorities limitation. Data on CDW are generated for reuse and inadequate. Thus, collection of data as well as challenging new methods applied in the process. The stakeholders lead to face several challenges for waste management and prevention varies in waste prevention program. However, lack of quality control guidelines as well as data on technical properties of waste is lacking (Wu et al. 2014). The regional aspects of waste are spa rsely populated with the regions and generally worthy for the advanced recycling process. Development of framework to improve recycling practices of construction/ demolition waste Construction and demolition waste occupies as the latest share of overall waste generation in several countries. On the other hand, waste management practices as well as outcome may be differed in various countries. It is important to develop effective framework that will be helpful to enhance recycling practices of construction or demolition waste (Gomathi and Pradeep 2017). The main of the strategy is to develop community-based approach to enhance recycling practices of construction waste. By encouraging responsibility of producer of waste, a grater option of the land filling water waste. It generally ends up at the dumpsites, which can be recovered efficiently at low cost (Martnez et al. 2016). The program will be helpful to seek functionalized and a multi-stakeholder return and buy back system. In addition, the process will be helpful to facilitate the process of collection as well as return for the process of recycling. It normally finds the way into the environment. The concept s of the program are described as follow. Setting goals of the recovery system There are multiple ways of deploying a recovery system in order to achieve desirable goal (Kjeldsen 2016). However, the major goal is increasing collection as well as recycling of waste of the products after construction and encourage producers to be more environmentally responsible. Collection methods It is a system where deposits of construction materials will be recycled during handing in the utilized product. The customer receives financial composition when it is returning a discarded product that can correspond to a particular deposit paid. Natural systems have real value of the container that induces the producers for recovering them (Vegas et al. 2015). In addition, the refunds on the particular products need to be high so that it will assist to motivate for own purposes (Xi et al. 2016). Deposit refund systems have several examples seen as the best solution during very high collection rates desired. Several traditional deposit fund systems for recycling of construction waste are required to lead 100% rate of return. Kerbside collection system In the system, the discarded products are usually collected in close proximity to the customers similar to the way that are collected. However, the large-scale kerbside collection system is a Germen packaging system that has high rates of collection in the system. On the other hand, it is important for the consumers to consider dropping of construction waste at the points of collection (Wu et al. 2016). However, these are convenient as well as easy access in order to encourage maximum collection. Bring system It is the system where customers are usually expected for bringing down the discarded products to container that is required to be placed in shorter or longer distance from the place of construction. The systems include drop-off centers as well as recycling stations among different things (Rashid and Yusoff 2015). The packaging waste collection is required to organize that in mainly relied on the customers in order to bring the discarded products to the containers. These are distributed in several parts of the cities (Lockrey et al. 2016). In addition, the collection results are generally mixed. However, the system needs to be used for recovering waste. Implementation of the process The extended producer responsibility is a strategy designed for promoting the process of integration of the environmental costs related to the products throughout the life cycle into the market price of the products (Silva et al. 2016). However, there is several numbers of instruments used for shifting responsibility in order to manage products as well as packaging waste from the government along with taxpayer to the producers as well as consumers (Weiler et al. 2017). It includes regulatory instruments like mandatory take-back schemes and minimum recycled standards for content. In addition, materials as well as products bans and restrictions are included in the process. . Current status of waste generation The past building materials associated with construction and demolition waste generation in the high-rise construction buildings (Gastaldi et al. 2015). There are four categories of waste analyzed namely as residential construction, residential demolition, non-residential construction as well as non-residential demolition. The average rates of generating waste from residential construction as well as non-residential construction have been estimated as 56.23 kg/m2 and 30.47 kg/m2. In 2005, there is 1,675,675 m2 of the residential building as well as 1,135,161 m2 of non-residential construction waste were produced in 2005 (Gmez-Meijide et al. 2016). However, the average generation rate of waste from residential demolition has been estimated as 984.66 kg/m2 and 1803.94 kg/m2 (Silva et al. 2014). However, there is no record of permitting demolition. The total amount of waste used in building related construction as well as demolition waste was produced. There is no agency is directly res ponsible for the process of date collection in order to estimate waste. The building permits data collected with the help of National Statistics Office in 2014. Practices followed in recycling the building waste Builders, teams of construction as well as design practioners have ability to divert construction as well as demolition materials from disposal though buying used as well as recycled products. Practicing source minimization and preserving the existing structures and salvaging the existing materials are also included in it. Designing the process of building in order to support adaption, reuse as well as disassembly can minimize waste along with extend the useful life (Sabai et al. 2014). It provides economic as well as environmental analysis for the owners and occupants. By designing for the process of adaptability can design the practioners as finding new scopes in the process of design. The strategies for using the designing adaptability, disassembly as well as reuse consist of the following things. Development of adoption or making disassembly plan with the help of key information materials, structural properties along with repairing access and contact information need to be achieved. Use of simple open-span structural systems along with modular building elements assemblies is included in the strategies. On the other hand, uses of durable materials, which are worth in the form of recovering for the purpose of reuse are the effective strategies. Reducing the use of distinctive types of materials along with developing connection is visible as well as accessible (Wu et al. 2016). Utilization of mechanical fasteners like bolts, screws as well as nails can be helpful for sealants as well as adhesive. It is important to plan for movement as well as safety of the workers in order to allow for adapting safe building, repair as well as disassembly. Barriers of recycling Building as well as construction materials are major issue causing important environmental impact. Most of the people in industry do not consider construction and demolition materials. On the other hand, Australian State Government regulations for environment are seen as working against the process of recycling. The workshops are resulted in the process of making discussions regarding the potential solutions that are put by the participants. There is also lack of knowledge regarding the thing that can be recycled regarding the opportunities of recycling. Contamination of the recyclables due to lack of making separation is one of the major barriers. In addition, lack of markets for recycling the materials are the obstacles for recycling construction waste. The cost of recycling procedure makes products expensive compared to virgin materials (Wu et al. 2016). Apart from these, designing deconstruction not incorporated to the building procedure and the policies of the government regarding recycling process are not driving recycling effectively. There are also lack of confidence in the recycled materials along with lack of communication and infrastructure of the industry. In addition, low value of low volume products are detected rather than sorted for the process of recycling. Solutions for recycling the Construction/ demolition waste It is important to develop effective planning considered as the most vital part of construction waste. Effective planning allows identifying all recyclable materials. It is helpful to address the process of handling waste materials. Moreover, it can cover communication that would be helpful for the organization to take effective step in the process. The central role in construction waste management for detailed information as well as sample waste management plan need to be done properly. It is important for an organization to develop effective performance (Gmez-Meijide et al. 2016). The number of construction materials on the recycling market would be helpful to develop the environmental materials will be helpful to complete the process. On the other hand, it is required for the organization to take effective steps for completing the process (Sabai et al. 2014). There is a simple rule for CD recycling. It does not require with the same process that would be helpful to generate the pr ocess effectively. On the other hand, recycling of construction needs proper responsibility for make the right process. Perception of recycling will slow down the performance. Research gap Recycling of construction and demolition waste has several benefits like minimization of transportation cost and keeps the environment clean. In order to promote recycling as well as reusing waste, awareness regarding its advantages need to be communicated with people, engineers as well as contractors. In the present study, recycling of building material waste during demolition is presented. However, the challenges faced during recycling of building materials are not assessed adequately due to lack of secondary data presence in the topic. Data analysis Data gathered from secondary sources can be assessed as followed. There are some materials used in the market that would be helpful to generate efficient process for the organization. The cost of recycling is considered as low cost of throwing the materials away. On contrary, recycling makes the process reliable in developing economic sense. Commingled recycling is the alternative to the source of separation. Complexity is not generally implied all materials separated for all time. As construction industry generates large amount of waste throughout the years, construction and demolition wastes end up in the landfills. It disturbs environmental, economical as well as social life cycle. Sustainable development is considered as a development, which is helpful for meeting the requirements of recent without making compromising ability of future development in order to encounter the demands (Wu et al. 2014). Concrete gathered from sites is put by crushing machine and free from plastic, paper as well as unwanted materials. In addition, the combined list of barriers along with the workshops as well as interviews is required to analyze. Following are the major barriers for recycling construction waste in demolition. Policy and governance play an important role for recycling. The policy of the government does not support recycling. Contamination of recyclable for lack of separation or lack of space for the process of separation is also considered as major barriers for recycling. There are other alternatives to the process of recycling due to industry infrastructure. In addition, lack of information to the industry structure are helpful and requirement for training. Construction and demolition materials are not considered as a potential source. Conclusion Demolition waste is attained after the process of pulling down infrastructure project. The wrecked has reinforced concrete, bricks, plasters, cardboards and timber sections from agglomeration. It is referred as demolition waste in the particular case. In addition, construction waste is surplus from undesirable materials resulting completion of construction activity. Recycling solid waste management strategy needs to be achieved as land filling as well as incineration is environmentally desirable. The authorities for environment protection cannot allow stockpiling of making uneconomic quantities. In addition, inconvenience of location of the process of recycling. There is also lack of facilities stored spoil specifically virgin excavated natural materials for the purpose of reuse later. Moreover, different types of pricing structures between making jurisdictions and consulting for capital region. It can encourage developers to shop across the particular region. Research scope and boundaries The research will be helpful for the future researchers to get help regarding development of framework to improve recycling practices of construction/ demolition waste and Recycling of building material waste during demolition. The study will be used as a reliable secondary source related to the topic. On the other hand, government and public authorities can get suggestions for development of framework to improve recycling practices of construction/ demolition waste. As there was time limitation, the researcher faced several issues and challenges during conduction of the research. It may hamper data gathering and accurate analysis of the study. In addition, many books were not accessible. It would be helpful to provide right data for the research. References Arulrajah, A., Mohammadinia, A., Phummiphan, I., Horpibulsuk, S. and Samingthong, W., 2016. 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